Wine or spirit calculating slide-rule.



W lTN E55 E15 CMM/0 I. C. EARMAR.

WINE 0R SPIRIT GALGULATING SLIDE RULE.

APPLIGATION FILED MAR. 11,1902.

Illllllll HIIHII lllllllll (umn LSPIKITS UNDK 30-0-9 ll IIIIHIII 25 {IIIIIIII lllllllll IIIIIIIIIIIU x Lllullirl 1 Renucme PATENTED MAY 2, 1905.

iNvaN'i-OQ AT OQNEyS UNITED STATES Patented May 2, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

WINE OR SPIRIT CALCULATING SLIDE-RULE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 788,688, dated May 2, 1905.

Application filed March 1l, 1902. Serial No. 97,776.

To all whom t nung concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS CHARLES FAE- MAR, a subject of the King of England, and a resident of Waterloo, near Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Slide- Rules, of which the following. is a specification.

My invention relates to slide-rules for use in calculating purposes in connection with wines and spirits.

The invention consists, essentially, of the application and use of certain new constructive characteristics, as hereinafter described.

A rule having the characteristics as herein specified is illustrated in the annexed drawing.

The rule is made of wood, ivory, or other suitable material and consists of two parallel pieces or bars c; m, jointed together and kept apart by metal bars rc2, at either end, and a movable piece or slide y, slightly longer than the bars m a" and sliding freely between these pieces, a suitable continuous joint between the parts fc, m', and y, such as of the tongueandegroove type, being provided to guide the part 1/ when being moved in the desired manner.

Referring to the drawing, it is to be stated that the numbers represented on the calculatingscale-lines G H may be read either literally or the significant figures may be read as if they were supplemented by naughts (O) or by decimal points according to the necessity of each case as it arises.

The scales G and H are special logarithmic scale-lines, which operate jointly and calculate the exact quantity of water required to reduce spirits and wherein contraction of bulk is allowed for automatically. The logarithmic scale-line G is constructed with two vertically-raised portions r and s, and within the spaces provided by so raising these parts there are provided two subsidiary scales or lines a and o. These subsidiary scales a and o serve as setting-points for the automatic calculations in a direct manner of the quantity of water required to reduce spirits, allowing for contraction in bulk, the n scale or series being intended for all spirits under 30 overproof and the o scale or series for l rums exceeding 30 overproof. Instead of the two separate scales n and o a single scale on an adjustable slide may be used for both purposes to Ineet the difference in position in relation to the scale H. In front of the commencement of the scale G there is a third setting-point p for use in connection with strong spirits only to be broken down to proof.

With regard to the scale portions r s and a 0, according' to a modification, their relative arrangement may be the converse to that shown-namely, the two portions fr and .v may be disposed in the scale-line G, while the subsidiary lines or portions a and o are placed above them in the position of' r and .v of the drawing, the effect remaining the same. The logarithmic scale H on the slide 1/ has at its commencement a special or additional sectionscale m, extending', preferably, from "5 to l0, prefixed at the point q, and this part is used in connection with the point g.

As instances of the calculations which may be e'ected bythe employment of the rule, for reducing, in the case of ordinary conditions, the sum of the two strengths (f/. c., the present and the required strength) on H are set to the required strength on G, using the first or second and third position, according to the direction specified on the rule. Then under the quantity of spirit will appear thel exact amount of water required to reduce it. In the case of from underproof to a further degree underproof the difference of the two strengths ('27. c., the present and the required strength) on G, using the second and middle position. Then under the quantity of spirit will appear the exact amount of water required to reduce it. In this condition it should be stated that a contraction in bull( takes place when spirits and water are mixed together. To meet this contraction, an increased quantity of water is required, the calculation of which must be based on the specific-gravity system. This the rule does automatically.

To properly understand the practical working of these subsidiary empirical lines a and q, I should explain that they have been invented and built up by a systematic series of practical experiments on the varying rates of contraction that arise when spirit and water combine, the same not being derivable from any formula. It is a well-known fact that a gallon of spirit and a gallon of water will not make two gallons. This contraction or shrinkage in bulk is due to the interpenetratioii or marryingI of the different-sized molecules which compose the two liquids. Directly water combines with spirit a chemical action is set up, heat being generated by the smaller molecules of the spirit bieaking into and lilling up the spaces between the larger molecules of the water. The contraction thus resulting' is, however, compensated for by an increase of strength, so that by adding extra water we merely restore the equilibrium. To give an illustration, say one hundred wine-gallons of spirit at one hundred and twenty-four per cent. of proof or 240 overproof to be reduced to one hundred per cent. of proof or proof strength. forked out by the pen, the water required appears to be twenty-four gallons. Thus :24; but this is incorrect. The

result would not turn out one hundred and twenty-four gallons at proof, but 122.8 gallons at lO overproof. The difference of bulk, due to contraction, is here an element of error. What is needed, therefore, is an additional 1.2gallons of water to restore the bulk to one hundred and twenty-four gallons and to bring down the strength to proof-that is, we need 24.0-I-L2 or 25.2 gallons of water altogether. This is the precise quantity of water shown at a glance through the intervention of the subsidiary line a, the method ofthe use being as follows: Set the sinn of the two strengths on line H to the required strength in the middle positionfa. Then under the given quantity of spirit on line Vg will iinmediately appear on line H the exact quantity of water required to effect the reducing, allowing for contraction in bulk. To take the previous example, one hundred wine-gallons of spirit at 24 overproof to be reduced to O or proofl strength, 24H-0224. Ne therefore set 24 on line H to the required strength,

G x n proof, in the middle position a. Then under one hundred gallons of spirit(represented on line G) we find 25.2 gallons, the true quantity of water required, (represented on line Similarly to reduce, say, forty gallons of ruin from 35 overprootl to 2() underproof. The initial strength of the spirit being in excess of 30 overproof, we make use of the rightliaiid section o in place of the middle section In. Then 3.5-l-2O2c3. We therefore set 55 on line H to 2O under-proof at the right-hand position 0. Then under forty gallons of spirit (represented on line we [ind 28.7 gallons, the true quantity of water required, (iepresented on line H.) It will be thus seen from the foregoing explanation and examples that the subsidiary empirical lines fn. and o automatically provide for the extra water needed to meet the contraction of spirit and water in' all their combinations and is consequently of vital importance to persons interested in the liquor trade.

Having now particularly described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a wine and spirit calculating' sliderule, the logarithmic spirit-reducing scale (i, having' a raised portion, and a scale under said raised part, for automatically calculating in a direct manner the quantity of water required to reduce spirits, and a logarithmic scale H for use in connection with the scale G, substantially as set forth.

2. Ina wine and spirit calculating sliderule, the logarithmic spirit-reducing scalet, having raised portions fr, s, and scales i1 and o, under said raised parts fr and vv, for automatically calculating' in a direct manner the quantity of water required to reduce spirits, and having a setting-point y) for strong spirits, and a logarithmic scale ll for use in connection with the scale Gr, and having at its commencement end a section-scale w from 5 to 10 up to a point f] for operatingin connection with the point y), substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof .I have hereunto set niy hand in presence of two witnesses.

FRANClS C. HARMAN.

Vitnesses:

Ton Groen/ini., LEONARD Siziiwnrn'. 

